Joe Hamsher and Sarah Seeds, activists with Climate Ground Zero, were arrested this morning while blocking the entrance to the headquarters of the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). They have been charged with trespassing, obstruction of justice and disrupting government processes. Their bail was set at $5000 dollars each. Hamsher has posted bail. Seeds remains locked up at South Central Regional Jail in Kanawha County.
The protesters chained themselves to a metal barrel in front of the DEP and remained locked to the barrel for an hour and a half. They sought to condemn the DEP for sanctioning mountaintop removal mining and for failing to enforce the Clean Water Act.
Please contribute to the legal defense fund by clicking here.
See the video from the action below:
The charges are completely bogus. How were they trespassing on public property? DEP is supposed to be owned by the people, but in reality it’s owned by the coal industry. How were they obstructing justice? There’s no justice at the DEP to obstruct. What government process did they disrupt? They illegal, shady dealings between the DEP and chronically outlaw coal companies? If anyone should be arrested, it’s Randy Huffman and Keith Porterfield. Their time is coming. All it takes is a good investigative reporter or whistleblower. Their closet is so full of skeletons they can’t find a clean shirt.
Thank you Joe and Sarah for standing against the DEP’s negligence. You two are amazing.
Imagine if all the energy put into what you all are doing was funneled into the communities you are from? Possibly working on decreasing your communities dependency upon the coal from these mountains.
Lastly, ol Randy and Keith are a product of their conditions. The object of the game is not to fight these conditions but to create new conditions where the very thing you are fighting for can emerge. Ex: production of energy in your communities.
I’m posting this here out of the highwall miner protest material, since it seems to have gone cold, but I wanted to continue my discussion with Dave and Em. Quoted:
Dave,
The money isn’t there because it won’t work – why spend money on something that’s doomed to failure? I really hate to ruin your day because I too know what it feels like to believe in something and be 110% sure that you’re right, but unfortunately your way of thinking is just plain incorrect. Might I ask exactly what alternative power method(s) you’re talking about? I’ve covered all of basics but water power… if you want hydrodynamic power generation you have to fill up hundreds of miles of valley with water and build a dam… once again worse than a mining operation. I ask you to please research the basic mechanics of power generation, the transfer of energy, conservation of energy, and the laws of thermodynamics. If you really punch the numbers up only one solution really becomes obvious – and it’s already in place.
Lets start by discussion power usage and consumption. The average household in America uses 38.35 kWh a day. A kWh is 1000 watts used over one hour – or one kilowatt. A typical central AC draws about 3.5 kilowatts, so in an hour it uses 3.5 kilowatt-hours. And a 100-watt light bulb uses 0.1 kW, since 1000 watts = 1 kilowatt. Now, lets discuss a windmill. The physics involved when turbines harvest the power of the wind to produce windmill power sets the maximum theoretical efficiency limit of any wind turbine to 59%. When real world engineering requirements are also factored in, even the best turbines only attain 35% to 45% efficiency, and other essential system components such as the generator, bearings, and power transmission add further inefficiencies. As a result, only 10-30% of the power of the wind is ever actually converted into usable electricity. Lets do some math:
In our case, our average wind speed over the year is about 4 meters/second, which is pretty reasonable [tops in January at 5 m/s, bottoms in July at 3 m/s].
The swept area of an average 2 KW turbine for household use (which has a blade diameter of about 11 feet) is:
Swept area = 22/7 x radius² (i.e. Area of a circle=¶.r²)
= 22/7 x (1.8)² = 10.2 m2
So Power Output = 0.615 x 10.2 x 4³
= 0.615 x 10.2 x (4 x 4 x 4)
= 401.5 watts
Multiply this by 24 hours gives us 9635 watt hours or 9.6 kwh a day. Far short of our goal here. Unless you’re going to have four of these things in your yard or four for every household perched on a hill somewhere taking up wildlife habitat it’s a dumb idea.
Now we’ll talk a little about solar. A typical panel, we’ll say 65 x 40 inches has a peak power output of 200 watts or so, and costs about 700 dollars. That is in full sun of course, on a typical day you will average about 50 watts or so per hour with cloud cover and our mountainous terrain blocking much of the days sun over the entire 10 to 12 hour light cycle. Then we have to consider night time, with no output. All residences are different, but lets say you can fit 15 of these things on your roof, you’ll average 750 watts per hour, or .75 kwh. Multiply that by a 12 hour light cycle and you get 9000 watts or 9 kwh a day. Still, far short. Then you have to invest in storage batteries and an inverter to convert DC into usable AC to conserve the power through the night time.
While our elected leaders aren’t the smartest individuals, they certainly aren’t totally stupid and aren’t going to be wasting tax money on stuff that plain won’t work at the moment.
And to Em, I’m 25.
THANKS BEE TREE I’M ON YOU’RE SIDE,BUT YOU’RE WASTING YOU’RE TIME THESE PEOPLE HAVE BLINDERS ON. THEY HAVE EAR PLUGS FOR BRAINS!!!!! THE AGENDA FROM ROSSELLE DOWN IS TO SHUT DOWN THE COAL INDUSTRY. I THANK YOU FOR PROTESTING THE PROTESTORS.THEY MAKE ME SICKER THAN KEN WARD DOES KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK!!!!!
Bee Tree,
I am a student of physics, so I do understand all the present limitations of renewable technologies, I understand the physics governing energy and thermodynamics, and I understand your figures.
In order to provide enough energy for modern civilization without poisoning watersheds, contributing to climate change, and enslaving entire communities in extractive mono-economies, there are a number of things we must do.
First, we must reduce drastically the AMOUNT of power we use by investing in efficiency improvements and transitioning away from energy-intensive industries. Then the remaining demand actually CAN be supplied by renewable technologies. That has been amply demonstrated. It’s just a matter of reducing demand until it meets supply and at the same time increasing supply by technological improvements.
Second, we must make the price of energy reflect the true cost of the entire death-cycle of coal, including those costs absorbed by the public (health costs, environmental restoration, etc). And if we don’t like the higher prices, and we believe that access to electricity is really a human right, perhaps we should ask why corporations are allowed to reap billions of dollars in profits while the average family struggles.
Granted, making these changes may require a fundamental re-orientation of the economy, but that’s something I’d like to see happen anyway.
KY Mudd,
You can decrease the consumption of individual households by half, and you still wouldn’t come close to touching industrial demand. Even cutting in half is a far stretch of the imagination – as homes still have to be heated and cooled to remain safe for the young and elderly, and that is what takes up the majority of overall consumption. Industry, which makes all products necessary to life as we know it, takes up roughly 75% of all demand in the United States. The majority of which we simply cannot go without – plastics, steel, mass production, medicines, rubber, glass; I could go on and on. The computer you’re using right now took approximately 300 kWh to produce.
There’s only one real way to dream up free energy on a scale that would take care of our current way of life – even if scaled back to half of its current demand with present day technologies. The Ionosphere. At heights of above 50 miles, in the thermosphere, the atmosphere is so thin that free electrons can exist for short periods of time before they are captured by a nearby positive ion. The number of these free electrons is sufficient to affect radio propagation. This portion of the atmosphere is ionized and contains a plasma which is referred to as the ionosphere. In a plasma, the negative free electrons and the positive ions are attracted to each other by the electromagnetic force, but they are too energetic to stay fixed together in an electrically neutral molecule — Hello electricity. An electrodynamic tether is attached to an object (IE: a satellite), the tether being oriented at an angle to the local vertical between the object and a planet with a magnetic field. When the tether cuts the planet’s magnetic field, it generates a current, and thereby converts some of the orbiting body’s kinetic energy to electrical energy. As a result of this process, an electrodynamic force acts on the tether and attached object, slowing their orbital motion. The tether’s far end can be left bare, making electrical contact with the ionosphere. Functionally, electrons flow from the space plasma into the conductive tether, are passed through a resistive load in a control unit and are emitted into the space plasma by an electron emitter as free electrons.
In 1996, NASA conducted an experiment with an approximately 12 mile long tether – it produced 3500 volts of potential. It was in operation for about 5 hours when a surge burned it apart from the shuttle and welded bits of it to where it was mounted. Some serious juice there. So, relevance? Figure out a way to place many of these tethers into orbit, attached to weighted dummy satellites, then circuit them together either with a physical connection or aimed microwave remote power transmission, then figure out a way to beam, collectively, all of their current to the ground into a gathering station – also using microwave power transmission – without radiating anyone. There are a lot of hurdles to overcome with the theoretical idea of pulling power from the atmosphere, but on paper it can be done. There are wild and irregular surges you would have to deal with and be able to absorb, as well as the astronomical price involved in setting up such a system. This my friends is, at present, our only hope. How about instead of trying chain yourselves to my mining machine, you work on figuring this out and leave the present means of power generation to the professionals.
Bee Tree, what a load of KRAP…..
THERe ARE TONS OF GREAT IDEAS OUT THERE THAT USE EVERYFORCE KNOWN TO NATURE.
This is one of my inventions I call the Eship.
It uses a patented paddle system to create energy from currents like the Florida current
gulfstream current that run along our entire eastern seaboard.
This vessel can be used anywhere there is substantial current or tidal energy.
Submarine cables already connect great Britian with Holland and Denmark and Norway.
The cables pay for themselves within the first few months and provide cheaper electricity
through trading for their customers.
So you fellows hang there with your lockjaw on Blankenships ass I’mm gonna create renewable
energy jobs that will make Massey look like a Jack in Box franchise…….
Climate Ground Zero!!! American Patriots!!! HOOOOWAH!!! Respect, protect, defend the Mother!
Timor Omnis abesto de oppresso liber scamgea..
The E Ship
Flagship for the voyage to the renewable world
Maximized co-generation
Proprietary information discretion requested.
Current Situational Awareness
FIGURE 1 Ocean Currents in the Vicinity of the United States
(Source: University of Texas Libraries 2006)
http://www.ocsenergy.anl.gov/documents/docs/OCS_EIS_WhitePaper_Current.pdf
This government document attempts to explain the potential of this vast unharnessed resource:
RESOURCE POTENTIAL
Ocean currents are driven by wind and solar heating of the waters near the equator,
although some ocean currents result instead from variations in water density and salinity. These currents are relatively constant and flow in one direction only, in contrast to the tidal currents closer to shore where the varying gravitational pulls of the sun and moon result in diurnal high tides. Some examples of ocean currents are the Gulf Stream, Florida Straits Current, and California Current (Figure 1). The Florida Straits Current starts only 8 km offshore in the southern part of Florida, close to Miami, and sustains relatively large speeds over significant distances in relatively unchanging patterns. In contrast, the California Current has relatively slow speeds and shifts periodically. Ocean currents tend to be concentrated at the surface, although significant current continues at depths below ships’ drafts. The Aleutian passages have also been identified as an area for potential development of ocean current energy extraction. Ocean current speeds are generally lower than wind speeds. This is important because the kinetic energy contained in flowing bodies is proportional to the cube of their velocity.
However,
another more important factor in the power available for extraction from a flowing body is thedensity of the material. Water is about 835 times denser than wind, so for the same area of flow being intercepted, the energy contained in a 12-mph water flow is equivalent to that contained in
an air mass moving at about 110 mph. Thus, ocean currents represent a potentially significant, currently untapped, reservoir of energy.
The total worldwide power in ocean currents has been estimated to be about 5,000 GW, with power densities of up to 15 kW/m2. The relatively constant extractable energy density near the surface of the Florida Straits Current is about 1 kW/m2 of flow area. It has been estimated
that capturing just 1/1,000th of the available energy from the Gulf Stream, which has 21,000 times more energy than Niagara Falls in a flow of water that is 50 times the total flow of all the world’s freshwater rivers, would supply Florida with 35% of its electrical needs.
Countries that are interested in and pursuing the application of ocean current energy technologiesinclude the European Union, Japan, and China.
What is the E Ship?
The primary use of the E ship would be energy production and desalinization initially in the Florida Stream and the Gulf Stream currents which run the entire eastern seaboard. However, configurations of this ship can be used anywhere substantial current or tidal energy is generated. Some examples would be the Gulf Stream, St Lawrence, Japan, Taiwan, equatorial tidal basins, North Atlantic tidal energy, straits of Bosporus, the entire east coast of Australia, west coast of South America, and virtually all of Africa, with gulf stream like velocity in the Niger river delta close to shore in the most densely populated region in Africa. There would be great utility in this invention as 37% of the world’s population is on or near the coast.
My invention is a bit of an odd duck. It’s a catamaran created by mating two oil tankers or mothballed Navy vessels, with huge flash wheels in a raceway between the 2 vessels which are suspended on hydraulic arms that can move the wheel up and down in the water column or out of the water all together. After the first catamaran is created, each additional ship added creates its own channel or raceway. Many vessels could be rafted for more concentrated efforts. This would allow the products created such as electricity, freshwater, 80% carbon char, PVO and refined products, salt, fish, vegetables, to use the same trunk lines back to the mainland. This is more important in the Gulf stream as it moves away from the coast on it’s trip.
This allows the production of energy and hence related enterprises to go on 24/7. In the Miami area the ship would be in hi gear creating electricity during peak hours in the day and desaling all night. Since 40% of Florida’s electricity goes to AC, a system is proposed to freeze CO2 in containers and send it up the pipeline of the newly created freshwater, in bullets of dry ice that you will to keep the newly desaled fresh water cold and available first for air-conditioning. When the CO2 has returned to gas, the container is taken to the Eship refrozen and reused.
Fortunately, due to updated requirements for multi-hull crude carriers, EU by 2010 US by 2015, copious amounts, approx 3000 of these square bottom barge like single hull crude carriers of all sizes can be had for pennies on the dollar. “Isn’t it ironic, don’t you think? These ships would be mated to form a catamaran or more if rafted and a large flat super structure emplaced.
Some Features:
• The flash wheels are protected between the two vessels
• Large and powerful generators can be used.
• All generators electrical equipment safely installed inside the vessel or on the deck for ease of maintenance and replacement.
• Paddles would be made of soft tip rubber like scuba fins that would be safe on marine life because of slow speeds and diagonal paddle pattern
• Multiple paddles can be placed in a dual cylinder with the ability to adjust the size, type, and pattern of the paddles for the location.
• Large diverter dykes funnel increase flow between vessels maybe 8-9 knots?
• Existing high voltage submarine cable easily adaptable.
• Thousands of mothballed Navy ships available, it actually saves the navy money not to scrap them!
• Many sizes and shapes of crude carriers can be adapted
• Modular ship to ship connector brace with paddle wheel configuration built in.
• Standard shapes and sizes pre built.
Eship Renewable energy and JOBS for the east coast at sea,
in the fresh air, wind in your face
sun, at your back,
producing energy that allows The US
to break away from coal and mideast oil and all the unwanted EXTERNALITIES.
Which include Muslim terrorism brought here by our dependence, our addiction to fossil fuels.
Uncle Sam need to go to rehab….
Coal say No No Noo.
More Eship……
Uses Of Super Structure
• Wind turbines, retractable
• Sails same post?
• Solar cells
• Fish farming and hatchery
• Tree farm
• Aquaponics
• Farm animals capture that methane
• artificial reef creation
• Fish hatchery
• Careful and monitored repopulation of grand bank fisheries from an up stream source
• Cable laying both power and fiber optic built in ability
• University outpost
• Casino/ Airport?
• Hospital
• Condo? Hotel?
• Eco cruise ship
• Container ship from hell.
• Concerts
• Rugby matches
• Alien spaceships attraction
• Gulf Stream sport fishing.
Advantages of ship mounted current or tidal electrical generation:
• Can be used for to assist heat cool exchange for AC
• Can be moved to maximize current potential and counter variation
• Satellite adjusted
• can be rafted with many vessels to share common trunk line for water/electricity
• Can be rafted or moved during hurricanes
• Highest current velocity top of the water column
• Built in cable laying and retraction
• No need to enter the water for maintenance etc. All electrical components in hull, paddle wheels retractable
• Safer for marine life
• Can be used as a mother ship for towed turbines
• zero harmful emissions
• Can be used in tidal and riverine environments.
• Capacity to store electricity in batteries
• Side paddle generation possible
• No permanent anchors, zero footprint
• No risk of damage from boat anchors fishing nets, flotsam and jetsam
• Lots of cheap ships available
• The ship can be moved in place for forced generation during disaster ie (tsunamis and hurricanes etc.) SAMOA? HAITI Thermo cline advantages.
Some problems with underwater turbines.
1. A small amount of saltwater in the nacelle ruins the generator
2. Shift in current location renders them powerless.
3. Maintenance difficulties
4. Danger to marine animals
5. Damage from fishing gear, boat anchors
6. Best current volume on top.
7. Permanent footprint.
Dual hulls, one hull could be used for electrical generation the other could be used for:
Shipboard desalinization plant
Constant clean supply of water using the fastest method , flash desalinization. The boilers use saltwater drawn from fore and aft intake pipes. When the ships engines are running, the water is routed through pipes heated by the exhaust pipes of the engine. Likewise when the pyrolysis machine is running the cold intake and steam outlet pipes are intertwined.
The intake lines which have multiple gauge screens and an upstream flow diverter to dissipate the power of the intake suction and protect marine life.
• Cool freshwater returning to shore with captured CO2 dry ice for AC use first
• Barge salt to shore for resale.
Or use the salt in molten form to create steam.
Fresh water storage capability
• Send fresh water down same pipe line bundle as electricity
A. Also possible to use the steam for locomotion
B. Mineral extraction and resale.
C. Shipboard bottling facility
Use of Thermite
The Eship will put to good use the power of thermite. Thermite is a mixture of ferrous oxide and aluminum powder that creates a reactive fire of upward of 3000 degrees. It creates its own oxygen during the burn and results in molten iron slag that can be used to form any object.
Thermite can also be used directly in the burners of the flash disillation tanks if you need a lot of heat and a lot of water fast. The slag can also be oxidized and remixed as thermite.
Another advantage gained while burning thermite underwater is that it produces readily capturable hydrogen gas.
Thermite and Carbon Capture Credits
There has been much talk and some experimentation about the merits of seeding the sea with Iron. Martin of woods hole said
The resulting algae bloom would capture massive amount of CO2 and create Carbon through the accumulation of planktonic remains.
However this technique may have fatal flaws when used widespread and create results that may not be reversible such as red tide like blooms which kill almost everything in the water.
Fish farming/Hatchery
• Salt water or freshwater from Tilapia to Tuna
• All temperature
• Control of reproduction cycle with lights
• Built in feed through production of algaes Lemna, fry overproduction,
• And fish food produced from fish processing shipboard
• Co production tanks fish, algae, bottom dwellers lobster.
• Oysters/pearls
• Large netted tanks tucked in close to ship Cobia, Salmon etc
• Depth layered so smaller fish and ultimately bottom feeders can catch extra food and waste.
• CO2 dry ice used to freeze product
• Shipboard fish factory all parts pieces recycled for
• Fish food
• Fertilizer component
• Calculated and mandatory release of best fish to increase quantity and quality
Sustainable commercial fishing
Shipboard Pyrolysis Machine
The use of this machine creates massive amounts of carbon char, 700 pounds per ton of biomass processed, which would be one of the primary sources of carbon credit production. Current European carbon credits run about 100 euros a ton.
Fortunately this 80% carbon char would be able to serve three uses:
As fuel, clean coal if you will, to run the pyrolysis machine. That just created it. Or, the char can be used as industrial grade coal which is cleaner hotter and a consistent burn. Than bitemous coal.
As a fertilizer additive see terra prieta. The Amazon natives added the used cooking charcoal ti there garden compost pits and created what is some of the most productive soil on earth naturally. This success can be mimicked by adding char to selected composts of biomass, fish and vegetable production waste. A natural nutrient composition of 10-10-10 should be attainable. The pores in the char in the new fertilizer host the microbes that breakdown biomass and create soil and thus nutrition long after the initial fertilizer value is burned.
And most importantly as a cooking and heating fuel in third world countries, disaster relief situations and as clean burning self lighting commercial BBQ briquettes that earn the company carbon credits for every bag they sell! The 80% pure fines can be protruded to create charcoal briquettes or blocks that burn clean and hot light without starter fuel and can begin to solve two major problems plaguing mankind now….
Desertification and Indoor air pollution also known as
Which is the leading killer of women in the world right behind AIDS
This successful machine by Pronatura shows the carbon capture of their small pyrolysis machine. They call their product “green charcoal”.
pyro of plastic
Garbage islands in gyres
Plastic makes pipe aquaponics tubs, emergency houses
Water bottles food containers mosquito netting fish tanks, tarps, ground cover plastic, plant and tree pots.
Bee Tree Highwall miner stuck in the ianusfear!
“This my friends is, at present, our only hope. How about instead of trying chain yourselves to my mining machine, you work on figuring this out and leave the present means of power generation to the professionals.”
Duuude you should’t bee smokin the mothers gift and texting while yu runnin dat highwaller! It’s sacrilegious.
Seems that you are the one tied to the mining machine with your head way above the clouds…
If Blakenshit is your example of professionalism than Jesus help us!
The Invention I Just showed you will soon replace all coal and fossil fuel burning power plants.
Wind and solar make huge leaps daily around the globe
Your archaic, destructive, polluting way of life will soon come to an end……
We simply cannot afford coal and oil anymore.
I just don’t see the logic in “if we can’t fix everything, then why to fix anything”……that is illogical. You fix the problems you can and do what you can to conserve and protect the things you can. Doing nothing is not acceptable. I sometimes feel very frustrated that I can’t do more but I find solace in knowing that I’m doing what I can at this point and time and at least I am aware and trying. I think most of us “Earth Warriors” get it that we are not going to be able to flip a switch and thus end our dependency on fossil fuels but why sit idly by and wait until those supplies run out before aggressively beginning the search for better, cleaner ways to live and while we’re at it preserve this wonderful planet for future generations to enjoy?
BeeTree,
Techno-triumphalist daydreams notwithstanding, both household AND industrial demand for electricity must be significantly reduced.
This will happen via the price mechanism – make the price of electricity reflect its true COST (including clean-up of toxic waste, devastated mountains and watersheds, medical damages, etc etc) and companies, just like individual households, will reduce their usage, by hook or by crook.
Scamgea,
You realize it would take hundreds if not thousands of those “ships” to head off the demand? Then the issue of transmission of power to the coast – since it would have to be tethered line transmission, would mean hundreds of cables running to shore, which makes the prospect of being able to move it to avoid storms useless.
The fact of the matter is that natural forces are just not powerful. Yeah they seem like they are because wind can knock down a building, but when you think about it, I could knock down a building using a hydraulic jack that I pump by hand – it’s a matter of torque conversion.
I don’t care how much you try to decrease demand, the amount of power needed is still high.
Bee you’re buggin me.
The ships are available google single-hulled tankers obsolete
thousands of them…for pennies on the dollar.
Also thousands of mothballed Navy ships available cheaper not to cut them up.
no problem here…
Submarine Transmission lines DC and AC already connect Scotland, Norway, Denmark Holland.
these cables pay for themselves in 6 months by trading electricity. Thousands of miles……..
no problems here….
main transmission lines are connected to ships individual lines so that
the energy, water are bundled and sent down one line trunk.
Ships powerline can be easily buoyed GPSed and reconnected after a storms passing.
Bee Tree says:
“The fact of the matter is that natural forces are just not powerful”
20 percent of all the electricity produced in the world is hydro now…
that just dams..Not counting tides and currents.
Hydroelectric power for the Nation
Although most energy in the United States is produced by fossil-fuel and nuclear power plants, hydroelectricity is still important to the Nation, as about 7 percent of total power is produced by hydroelectric plants. Nowadays, huge power generators are placed inside dams. Water flowing through the dams spin turbine blades (made out of metal instead of leaves) which are connected to generators. Power is produced and is sent to homes and businesses.
World distribution of hydropower
Hydropower is the most important and widely-used renewable source of energy.
Hydropower represents 19% of total electricity production.
China is the largest producer of hydroelectricity, followed by Canada, Brazil, and the United States (Source: Energy Information Administration).
Approximately two-thirds of the economically feasible potential remains to be developed. Untapped hydro resources are still abundant in Latin America, Central Africa, India and China.
Producing electricity using hydroelectric power has some advantages over other power-producing methods. Let’s do a quick comparison:
Advantages to hydroelectric power:
Fuel is not burned so there is minimal pollution
Water to run the power plant is provided free by nature
Hydropower plays a major role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Relatively low operations and maintenance costs
The technology is reliable and proven over time
It’s renewable – rainfall renews the water in the reservoir, so the fuel is almost always there
Read an expanded list of advantages of hydroelectric power from the Top World Conference on Sustainable Development conference, Johannesburg, South Africa (2002)
Disadvantages to power plants that use coal, oil, and gas fuel:
They use up valuable and limited natural resources
They can produce a lot of pollution
Companies have to dig up the Earth or drill wells to get the coal, oil, and gas
For nuclear power plants there are waste-disposal problems
“natural forces are just not powerful”.. was a godless soul you are….